1.1 Analyze different models of communication: a. Transactional analysis, b. Lasswell’s

Course: NVQ Level 4 Diploma In Health And Social Care (RQF)

Unit 2: Advanced Communication Skills

LO1: Understand communication needs and factors affecting them

1.1 Analyze different models of communication: a. Transactional analysis, b. Lasswell’s

The ability to communicate well is an important leadership skill. It allows you to understand others and they will be able to better grasp your intentions, which can result in more productive meetings or stronger relationships with co-workers.

Learning about several different models of communication is essential for supporting the development of your skills. These will give you an understanding of what kinds may work in various situations so that when assessing them, they can be compared with other theories and see if there’s anything better suited to their needs or not necessary at all as some people think!

Transactional analysis

Transactional analysis is a theory of personality that describes human interaction in terms of an ongoing stimulus-response mechanism. This is the simplest model of communication. It divides people into three groups:

1. The parent or caregiver, who represents authority and instruction, transmits behaviour down through history.
2. The child or baby, represents dependency and response, needing attention.
3. The adult, representing equality and reason, communicates with the baby in its own language.

This theory explains how interactions between individuals can be broken into transactions (dialogues or communications). Each transaction is part of a larger relationship. The relationship is an ongoing stimulus-response mechanism; it can be changed by either party’s actions immediately, but gradually over time becomes modified through repeated experiences together – to develop trust or insecurity.

The transactional analysis assumes that people act out roles or ‘ego states’ depending on the situation they are in, who they are interacting with and their own emotional state.

The role of each person is determined by the stimulus – the behaviour of others towards them. There are many ego states within us; some examples include an adult who makes decisions based on reason, an adult who makes decisions based on feelings, a child who wants to be comforted and loved unconditionally, an angry person demanding change or attention or a happy person enjoying life.

The stimulus is the external cue that causes you to act in one particular way over another. This could be someone’s behaviour towards you (for example, they ignore you), someone’s physical presence (for instance, they’re standing too close) or something happening around you (such as music playing).

A transactional analysis might help us understand why we think and feel the way we do under certain circumstances. It provides insights into our roles within different relationships. For example, if someone is very controlling with me I can begin to see that they are treating me like a child, thus I might role-play the part of one in order to get them off my back.

Lasswell’s communication model

Lasswell’s communication cycle is another model of communication which was developed in 1948 by American political scientist Harold Lasswell for studying propaganda efforts in politics which looked at the way information flowed to keep power in hands of political elites.

The three steps are:

1. Who says what to whom with what effect?
2. How does the receiver react and what modifies his reaction if at all?
3. What is the effect of modification on policy formation by the government?

This is a linear, one-way model of communication which focuses on the power relations between people. Who has more control over what information gets out and how it is received? This can be seen as quite negative as it fails to take into account feedback from the receiver and the fact that we all communicate in many different ways which is multi-directional. It only looks at the one influential speaker and the persuader, ignoring anyone else.

This model is simply a way of thinking about power relations in society according to Lasswell, but it can also be applied to people within organisations. For example, an organisation leader may use this cycle to think about how they communicate with employees – who says what to whom with what effect? In this example, the employee acts as a receiver and the leader in the speaker.

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